Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects both adults and children. It is characterized by extreme mood swings, ranging from manic episodes to depressive episodes. To assist in managing symptoms, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved certain medications for the treatment of bipolar disorder in children. These medications have undergone rigorous testing to ensure their safety and efficacy for pediatric use. In this article, we will explore some of the FDA-approved bipolar medications suitable for children, their benefits, potential side effects, and availability in different countries.
Lithium
Lithium is one of the oldest and most commonly prescribed medications for bipolar disorder. It helps stabilize mood and reduces the frequency and severity of mood swings. Although it is not specifically approved by the FDA for pediatric use, it is sometimes prescribed to children with bipolar disorder off-label. Lithium requires careful monitoring due to its potential side effects, which include thyroid and kidney dysfunction.
Divalproex Sodium (Depakote)
Divalproex sodium, sold under the brand name Depakote, is FDA-approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder in children aged 10 years and older. It works by reducing abnormal brain activity that contributes to mood swings. Depakote may cause potential side effects such as weight gain, hair loss, and liver problems.
Lurasidone (Latuda)
Lurasidone, marketed as Latuda, is an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of bipolar depression in children aged 10 years and older. It helps to regulate mood by acting on certain neurotransmitters in the brain. Some common side effects of Lurasidone include nausea, dizziness, and akathisia (a feeling of inner restlessness).
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Quetiapine, sold under the brand name Seroquel, is FDA-approved for the treatment of bipolar depression in children aged 10 years and older. It helps to stabilize mood and reduce symptoms associated with bipolar disorder. Common side effects of quetiapine include drowsiness, weight gain, and dry mouth.
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Aripiprazole, known as Abilify, is FDA-approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder in children aged 10 years and older. It is also approved for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder in pediatric patients aged 10 to 17. Abilify helps to control mood swings and decrease irritability. Some potential side effects include restlessness, headache, and weight gain.
Olanzapine and Fluoxetine (Symbyax)
Symbyax is an FDA-approved combination medication that contains both olanzapine and fluoxetine. It is used for the treatment of bipolar depression in adults; however, it is not approved for pediatric use. Pediatricians sometimes prescribe olanzapine and fluoxetine separately, under close monitoring and off-label, to manage bipolar disorder symptoms in children.
Risk Factors and Considerations
When considering medication options for children with bipolar disorder, it is essential to evaluate individual risk factors, potential benefits, and side effects. Factors such as age, severity of symptoms, overall health, and the child's response to previous treatments should be taken into account. It is advisable to involve a child and adolescent psychiatrist or pediatrician experienced in treating bipolar disorder in children.
Pricing Information
The pricing of bipolar medications can vary depending on the country. The following table provides a general reference of the approximate cost of FDA-approved medications for bipolar disorder (per month supply) in selected countries:
| Medication | United States | United Kingdom | South Korea | Japan | China |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium | $20-30 | £5-10 | ₩15,000-30,000 | ¥1,500-3,000 | ¥20-40 |
| Depakote | $100-200 | £50-100 | ₩50,000-100,000 | ¥5,000-10,000 | ¥60-120 |
| Latuda | $1,500-2,000 | £900-1,200 | ₩1,500,000-2,000,000 | ¥150,000-200,000 | ¥1,800-2,400 |
| Seroquel | $500-700 | £300-400 | ₩500,000-700,000 | ¥50,000-70,000 | ¥600-800 |
| Abilify | $800-1,000 | £500-600 | ₩800,000-1,000,000 | ¥80,000-100,000 | ¥1,000-1,200 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Are these medications a cure for bipolar disorder?
A: No, these medications cannot cure bipolar disorder, but they can help manage symptoms and stabilize mood.
Q: Are there any alternative treatments for children with bipolar disorder?
A: In addition to medication, therapy and lifestyle changes can play a significant role in managing bipolar disorder. Psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and a supportive environment are essential for children's overall well-being.
Q: Are there any other FDA-approved medications for pediatric bipolar disorder?
A: The medications mentioned in this article are among the commonly prescribed FDA-approved options; however, healthcare providers may consider other medications based on individual needs and response to treatment.
References:
1. National Institute of Mental Health. "Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens" - https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-in-children-and-teens.shtml
2. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Medications for Mental Health Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Guide for Parents and Families" - https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm095980.htm
3. National Health Service (NHS). "Bipolar Disorder in Children" - https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bipolar-disorder/childhood/
